Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
What is TURP?
Transurethral resection of the prostate, TURP, is a surgical procedure used to treat urinary symptoms caused by an enlarged prostate, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia. A small telescope is passed through the urethra, and specialised instruments are used to remove the obstructing prostate tissue. By creating a wider channel through the prostate, urine flow improves and bladder emptying becomes easier.
Why is it needed?
TURP may be recommended for individuals experiencing troublesome urinary symptoms such as weak urine stream, straining, urinary frequency, urgency or incomplete bladder emptying. It is also considered when medications are no longer effective, cause side effects or are unsuitable.
The procedure is often required when complications arise, including urinary retention requiring a catheter, bladder stones, recurrent infections or kidney problems related to chronic poor bladder emptying. TURP remains a widely used and effective treatment for moderate to severe prostate enlargement.
What happens during the procedure?
The procedure is performed under general or spinal anaesthesia. A thin telescope called a resectoscope is inserted through the urethra into the prostate. A heated wire loop is used to remove the excess prostate tissue causing the blockage.
Removed tissue is flushed out and may be sent for laboratory analysis. A catheter is left in place for one to three days to allow urine to drain freely and to support healing. The operation usually takes between sixty and ninety minutes. Most patients remain in hospital for two to three days.
What are the alternatives?
Alternative treatments may include medications such as alpha-blockers or 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, which can relieve symptoms in some individuals. GreenLight laser vaporisation offers a less invasive surgical option with a lower risk of bleeding.
Other minimally invasive procedures such as UroLift implants or Rezum water vapour therapy may be suitable for selected men. For very large prostates, open or robotic simple prostatectomy may be recommended. Observation may be appropriate if symptoms are mild or do not interfere significantly with daily activities.
Potential risks and after effects
TURP is generally safe and effective, but some temporary effects are common. Burning or discomfort when passing urine can occur for one to two weeks. Blood in the urine may appear and usually resolves within a few days.
A urinary tract infection may develop and require antibiotics. Some individuals experience temporary difficulty passing urine, requiring the catheter to remain in place for a short period. Retrograde ejaculation is common and harmless but permanent for many men. Erectile dysfunction is uncommon, and urinary incontinence is rare.
TURP syndrome, a rare complication related to fluid absorption, occurs in less than one percent of modern procedures. Around ten percent of men may require further treatment after ten to fifteen years.
After the procedure
After surgery, a catheter is usually left in place for one to three days while the bladder heals. Drinking plenty of fluids helps flush the bladder and reduce irritation. Mild blood in the urine, urinary frequency or urgency is common for several weeks as healing progresses.
Strenuous activity, heavy lifting and sexual activity should be avoided for four to six weeks. Simple pain relief may be taken if needed.
Follow-up care
Follow-up is usually arranged within four to six weeks to assess recovery and urinary flow. Further review may be needed if symptoms persist or complications develop.
Long-term monitoring of bladder and kidney function may be recommended in some cases. Lifestyle and dietary guidance can help support urinary health and optimise long-term outcomes.
Prostate Procedures
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